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From Hungary to Brazil, voters have ousted nationalist leaders or blocked far-right challengers. Now the Democrats’ capture of both chambers of Congress has strengthened hopes among the far-right’s opponents that a decade of populist advance is beginning to reverse. Setbacks in Portugal, Romania, the Netherlands and Sweden add to that argument. The next major test is France, where Marine Le Pen leads presidential polls ahead of the 2027 election. French left-wing leaders draw hope from President Donald Trump’s midterm defeat. Analysts are more cautious: economic frustration and hostility toward incumbents may explain more than an ideological shift.